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|00002190| 20 65 67 67 20 69 73 20 | 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 6e | egg is |one of n|
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|000021b0| 72 69 74 69 6f 75 73 2c | 20 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d 69 |ritious,| economi|
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|000021d0| 65 0d 0a 66 6f 6f 64 73 | 2c 22 20 73 61 79 73 20 |e..foods|," says |
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|00002260| 66 6f 6f 64 2e 22 0d 0a | 0d 0a 54 68 65 20 43 65 |food."..|..The Ce|
|00002270| 6e 74 65 72 20 66 6f 72 | 20 53 63 69 65 6e 63 65 |nter for| Science|
|00002280| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 50 75 62 6c 69 63 20 49 | in the |Public I|
|00002290| 6e 74 65 72 65 73 74 20 | 63 6c 61 69 6d 65 64 20 |nterest |claimed |
|000022a0| 6f 6e 20 57 65 64 6e 65 | 73 64 61 79 20 74 68 61 |on Wedne|sday tha|
|000022b0| 74 0d 0a 65 67 67 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 |t..eggs |are the |
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|000022e0| 6f 6e 69 6e 67 20 6f 75 | 74 62 72 65 61 6b 73 2c |oning ou|tbreaks,|
|000022f0| 20 22 77 69 74 68 0d 0a | 68 75 6e 64 72 65 64 73 | "with..|hundreds|
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|00002310| 20 41 6d 65 72 69 63 61 | 6e 73 20 67 65 74 74 69 | America|ns getti|
|00002320| 6e 67 20 73 69 63 6b 22 | 20 65 76 65 72 79 20 79 |ng sick"| every y|
|00002330| 65 61 72 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a | 54 68 65 20 67 6f 76 65 |ear.....|The gove|
|00002340| 72 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 73 | 61 79 73 20 62 65 74 77 |rnment s|ays betw|
|00002350| 65 65 6e 20 31 32 38 2c | 30 30 30 20 61 6e 64 20 |een 128,|000 and |
|00002360| 36 34 30 2c 30 30 30 20 | 63 61 73 65 73 20 6f 66 |640,000 |cases of|
|00002370| 20 66 6f 6f 64 20 70 6f | 69 73 6f 6e 69 6e 67 0d | food po|isoning.|
|00002380| 0a 61 72 65 20 63 61 75 | 73 65 64 20 79 65 61 72 |.are cau|sed year|
|00002390| 6c 79 20 62 79 20 61 20 | 73 74 72 61 69 6e 20 6f |ly by a |strain o|
|000023a0| 66 20 73 61 6c 6d 6f 6e | 65 6c 6c 61 20 63 61 6c |f salmon|ella cal|
|000023b0| 6c 65 64 20 65 6e 74 65 | 72 69 74 69 64 69 73 0d |led ente|ritidis.|
|000023c0| 0a 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 | 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 |.associa|ted with|
|000023d0| 20 65 67 67 73 2e 20 53 | 61 6c 6d 6f 6e 65 6c 6c | eggs. S|almonell|
|000023e0| 61 20 63 61 75 73 65 73 | 20 64 69 61 72 72 68 65 |a causes| diarrhe|
|000023f0| 61 20 61 6e 64 20 73 79 | 73 74 65 6d 69 63 20 69 |a and sy|stemic i|
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|00002410| 63 74 69 6d 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 |ctims an|d can be|
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|00002430| 6c 79 20 61 6d 6f 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 20 76 65 72 |ly among| the ver|
|00002440| 79 20 79 6f 75 6e 67 20 | 61 6e 64 0d 0a 65 6c 64 |y young |and..eld|
|00002450| 65 72 6c 79 2e 0d 0a 0d | 0a 41 73 20 61 20 72 65 |erly....|.As a re|
|00002460| 73 75 6c 74 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 65 6e 74 65 72 |sult, th|e center|
|00002470| 20 68 61 73 20 70 65 74 | 69 74 69 6f 6e 65 64 20 | has pet|itioned |
|00002480| 74 68 65 20 46 6f 6f 64 | 20 61 6e 64 20 44 72 75 |the Food| and Dru|
|00002490| 67 20 41 64 6d 69 6e 69 | 73 74 72 61 74 69 6f 6e |g Admini|stration|
|000024a0| 0d 0a 74 6f 20 72 65 71 | 75 69 72 65 20 65 67 67 |..to req|uire egg|
|000024b0| 20 63 61 72 74 6f 6e 73 | 20 74 6f 20 63 61 72 72 | cartons| to carr|
|000024c0| 79 20 6c 61 62 65 6c 73 | 20 73 61 79 69 6e 67 3a |y labels| saying:|
|000024d0| 20 22 43 61 75 74 69 6f | 6e 3a 20 45 67 67 73 20 | "Cautio|n: Eggs |
|000024e0| 6d 61 79 0d 0a 63 6f 6e | 74 61 69 6e 20 69 6c 6c |may..con|tain ill|
|000024f0| 6e 65 73 73 2d 63 61 75 | 73 69 6e 67 20 62 61 63 |ness-cau|sing bac|
|00002500| 74 65 72 69 61 2e 20 44 | 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 65 61 |teria. D|o not ea|
|00002510| 74 20 72 61 77 2e 20 43 | 6f 6f 6b 20 65 67 67 73 |t raw. C|ook eggs|
|00002520| 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 74 | 68 65 0d 0a 79 6f 6c 6b | until t|he..yolk|
|00002530| 20 69 73 20 66 69 72 6d | 2e 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 49 66 | is firm|."....If|
|00002540| 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 65 | 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20 77 | followe|d, the w|
|00002550| 61 72 6e 69 6e 67 20 77 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 72 65 6c |arning w|ould rel|
|00002560| 65 67 61 74 65 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 70 61 73 |egate to| the pas|
|00002570| 74 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 | 61 63 74 69 63 65 20 6f |t the pr|actice o|
|00002580| 66 0d 0a 63 68 69 6c 64 | 72 65 6e 20 6c 69 63 6b |f..child|ren lick|
|00002590| 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 | 62 6f 77 6c 20 6f 66 20 |ing the |bowl of |
|000025a0| 63 61 6b 65 20 6f 72 20 | 63 6f 6f 6b 69 65 20 64 |cake or |cookie d|
|000025b0| 6f 75 67 68 20 70 72 65 | 70 61 72 65 64 20 77 69 |ough pre|pared wi|
|000025c0| 74 68 20 72 61 77 0d 0a | 65 67 67 73 2c 20 6f 72 |th raw..|eggs, or|
|000025d0| 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 70 | 61 72 65 6e 74 73 20 65 | their p|arents e|
|000025e0| 61 74 69 6e 67 20 73 75 | 6e 6e 79 2d 73 69 64 65 |ating su|nny-side|
|000025f0| 2d 75 70 20 65 67 67 73 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 72 75 |-up eggs| with ru|
|00002600| 6e 6e 79 20 79 6f 6c 6b | 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 42 75 |nny yolk|s.....Bu|
|00002610| 74 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e | 64 75 73 74 72 79 27 73 |t the in|dustry's|
|00002620| 20 45 67 67 20 4e 75 74 | 72 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 43 | Egg Nut|rition C|
|00002630| 65 6e 74 65 72 20 73 61 | 79 73 20 69 74 20 68 61 |enter sa|ys it ha|
|00002640| 73 20 73 74 72 65 73 73 | 65 64 20 74 68 61 74 0d |s stress|ed that.|
|00002650| 0a 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 | 20 69 6e 20 63 6f 6e 73 |.message| in cons|
|00002660| 75 6d 65 72 20 65 64 75 | 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d |umer edu|cation m|
|00002670| 61 74 65 72 69 61 6c 73 | 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 64 |aterials| for a d|
|00002680| 6f 7a 65 6e 20 79 65 61 | 72 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 22 |ozen yea|rs....."|
|00002690| 4b 65 65 70 20 65 67 67 | 73 20 72 65 66 72 69 67 |Keep egg|s refrig|
|000026a0| 65 72 61 74 65 64 20 61 | 6e 64 20 63 6f 6f 6b 20 |erated a|nd cook |
|000026b0| 74 68 65 6d 20 74 68 6f | 72 6f 75 67 68 6c 79 20 |them tho|roughly |
|000026c0| 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 65 | 61 74 69 6e 67 2c 22 20 |before e|ating," |
|000026d0| 73 61 69 64 0d 0a 65 78 | 65 63 75 74 69 76 65 20 |said..ex|ecutive |
|000026e0| 64 69 72 65 63 74 6f 72 | 20 44 6f 6e 61 6c 64 20 |director| Donald |
|000026f0| 4d 63 4e 61 6d 61 72 61 | 2e 20 22 49 74 27 73 20 |McNamara|. "It's |
|00002700| 74 68 65 20 73 74 61 6e | 64 61 72 64 20 74 68 69 |the stan|dard thi|
|00002710| 6e 67 73 0d 0a 72 65 63 | 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 64 65 64 |ngs..rec|ommended|
|00002720| 20 66 6f 72 20 61 6e 79 | 20 70 65 72 69 73 68 61 | for any| perisha|
|00002730| 62 6c 65 20 69 74 65 6d | 2e 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 42 75 |ble item|."....Bu|
|00002740| 74 20 41 6d 65 72 69 63 | 61 6e 20 45 67 67 20 42 |t Americ|an Egg B|
|00002750| 6f 61 72 64 20 50 72 65 | 73 69 64 65 6e 74 20 4c |oard Pre|sident L|
|00002760| 6f 75 69 73 20 42 2e 20 | 52 61 66 66 65 6c 20 73 |ouis B. |Raffel s|
|00002770| 61 69 64 20 73 74 61 74 | 69 73 74 69 63 73 20 66 |aid stat|istics f|
|00002780| 72 6f 6d 0d 0a 74 68 65 | 20 67 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d |rom..the| governm|
|00002790| 65 6e 74 27 73 20 43 65 | 6e 74 65 72 73 20 66 6f |ent's Ce|nters fo|
|000027a0| 72 20 44 69 73 65 61 73 | 65 20 43 6f 6e 74 72 6f |r Diseas|e Contro|
|000027b0| 6c 20 73 68 6f 77 20 6f | 6e 6c 79 20 31 30 20 64 |l show o|nly 10 d|
|000027c0| 65 61 74 68 73 0d 0a 61 | 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 |eaths..a|ssociate|
|000027d0| 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 | 61 6c 6d 6f 6e 65 6c 6c |d with s|almonell|
|000027e0| 61 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 31 |a in the| years 1|
|000027f0| 39 39 35 20 61 6e 64 20 | 31 39 39 36 2e 0d 0a 0d |995 and |1996....|
|00002800| 0a 53 74 69 6c 6c 2c 20 | 68 65 20 73 61 69 64 2c |.Still, |he said,|
|00002810| 20 22 6f 6e 65 20 64 65 | 61 74 68 20 69 73 20 74 | "one de|ath is t|
|00002820| 6f 6f 20 6d 61 6e 79 2e | 22 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 61 72 |oo many.|"....Car|
|00002830| 6f 6c 69 6e 65 20 53 6d | 69 74 68 20 44 65 57 61 |oline Sm|ith DeWa|
|00002840| 61 6c 2c 20 43 53 50 49 | 20 66 6f 6f 64 20 73 61 |al, CSPI| food sa|
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|00002860| 63 6b 6e 6f 77 6c 65 64 | 67 65 64 20 74 68 61 74 |cknowled|ged that|
|00002870| 20 6f 6e 6c 79 0d 0a 61 | 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 66 | only..a| small f|
|00002880| 72 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 34 |raction |of the 4|
|00002890| 35 20 62 69 6c 6c 69 6f | 6e 20 65 67 67 73 20 70 |5 billio|n eggs p|
|000028a0| 72 6f 64 75 63 65 64 20 | 61 6e 6e 75 61 6c 6c 79 |roduced |annually|
|000028b0| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 55 6e 69 74 65 64 0d 0a | in the |United..|
|000028c0| 53 74 61 74 65 73 20 61 | 72 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 |States a|re conta|
|000028d0| 6d 69 6e 61 74 65 64 2e | 20 42 75 74 2c 20 73 68 |minated.| But, sh|
|000028e0| 65 20 73 61 69 64 2c 20 | 63 6f 6e 73 75 6d 65 72 |e said, |consumer|
|000028f0| 73 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 | 6b 6e 6f 77 20 77 68 69 |s don't |know whi|
|00002900| 63 68 20 6f 6e 65 73 0d | 0a 77 69 6c 6c 20 6d 61 |ch ones.|.will ma|
|00002910| 6b 65 20 74 68 65 6d 20 | 73 69 63 6b 2e 0d 0a 0d |ke them |sick....|
|00002920| 0a 52 61 66 66 65 6c 20 | 73 61 69 64 20 74 68 65 |.Raffel |said the|
|00002930| 20 65 67 67 20 69 6e 64 | 75 73 74 72 79 20 68 61 | egg ind|ustry ha|
|00002940| 73 20 6a 6f 69 6e 65 64 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 |s joined| with th|
|00002950| 65 20 43 6c 69 6e 74 6f | 6e 20 61 64 6d 69 6e 69 |e Clinto|n admini|
|00002960| 73 74 72 61 74 69 6f 6e | 2c 0d 0a 6f 74 68 65 72 |stration|,..other|
|00002970| 20 66 6f 6f 64 20 69 6e | 64 75 73 74 72 79 20 61 | food in|dustry a|
|00002980| 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 61 6e 64 20 |ssociati|ons and |
|00002990| 63 6f 6e 73 75 6d 65 72 | 20 67 72 6f 75 70 73 20 |consumer| groups |
|000029a0| 74 6f 20 64 65 76 65 6c | 6f 70 20 61 20 6d 61 6a |to devel|op a maj|
|000029b0| 6f 72 0d 0a 70 75 62 6c | 69 63 20 73 65 72 76 69 |or..publ|ic servi|
|000029c0| 63 65 20 63 61 6d 70 61 | 69 67 6e 20 74 6f 20 65 |ce campa|ign to e|
|000029d0| 64 75 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 63 6f 6e 73 75 6d 65 |ducation| consume|
|000029e0| 72 73 20 6f 6e 20 73 61 | 66 65 20 66 6f 6f 64 20 |rs on sa|fe food |
|000029f0| 68 61 6e 64 6c 69 6e 67 | 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 4d 65 61 |handling|.....Mea|
|00002a00| 6e 77 68 69 6c 65 2c 20 | 74 68 65 20 43 53 50 49 |nwhile, |the CSPI|
|00002a10| 20 73 61 79 73 20 63 6f | 6e 73 75 6d 65 72 73 20 | says co|nsumers |
|00002a20| 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 3a 0d | 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d 20 43 6f |should:.|...-- Co|
|00002a30| 6f 6b 20 65 67 67 73 20 | 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 74 68 |ok eggs |until th|
|00002a40| 65 20 79 6f 6c 6b 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 66 69 72 6d |e yolks |are firm|
|00002a50| 20 2d 2d 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 72 6f 63 6b 20 68 61 72 | -- not |rock har|
|00002a60| 64 2c 20 6a 75 73 74 20 | 66 69 72 6d 2e 0d 0a 0d |d, just |firm....|
|00002a70| 0a 2d 2d 20 54 68 6f 72 | 6f 75 67 68 6c 79 20 63 |.-- Thor|oughly c|
|00002a80| 6f 6f 6b 20 65 67 67 20 | 64 69 73 68 65 73 20 6c |ook egg |dishes l|
|00002a90| 69 6b 65 20 46 72 65 6e | 63 68 20 74 6f 61 73 74 |ike Fren|ch toast|
|00002aa0| 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 6d 65 | 6c 65 74 74 65 73 2e 0d | and ome|lettes..|
|00002ab0| 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d 20 44 6f | 6e 27 74 20 6c 65 74 20 |...-- Do|n't let |
|00002ac0| 6b 69 64 73 20 65 61 74 | 20 72 61 77 20 63 6f 6f |kids eat| raw coo|
|00002ad0| 6b 69 65 20 64 6f 75 67 | 68 20 6f 72 20 63 61 6b |kie doug|h or cak|
|00002ae0| 65 20 62 61 74 74 65 72 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 6f |e batter| that co|
|00002af0| 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 72 | 61 77 0d 0a 65 67 67 73 |ntains r|aw..eggs|
|00002b00| 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d 20 | 55 73 65 20 6f 6e 6c 79 |.....-- |Use only|
|00002b10| 20 70 61 73 74 65 75 72 | 69 7a 65 64 20 65 67 67 | pasteur|ized egg|
|00002b20| 73 20 66 6f 72 20 43 61 | 65 73 61 72 20 73 61 6c |s for Ca|esar sal|
|00002b30| 61 64 2c 20 68 6f 6d 65 | 6d 61 64 65 20 6d 61 79 |ad, home|made may|
|00002b40| 6f 6e 6e 61 69 73 65 2c | 0d 0a 65 67 67 6e 6f 67 |onnaise,|..eggnog|
|00002b50| 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 65 72 | 69 6e 67 75 65 2e 0d 0a | and mer|ingue...|
|00002b60| 0d 0a 54 68 65 20 43 53 | 50 49 20 73 61 69 64 20 |..The CS|PI said |
|00002b70| 74 68 61 74 20 75 6e 74 | 69 6c 20 74 68 65 20 31 |that unt|il the 1|
|00002b80| 39 38 30 73 2c 20 65 67 | 67 73 20 67 65 6e 65 72 |980s, eg|gs gener|
|00002b90| 61 6c 6c 79 20 77 65 72 | 65 20 73 61 66 65 2e 20 |ally wer|e safe. |
|00002ba0| 42 75 74 20 74 68 65 6e | 0d 0a 73 61 6c 6d 6f 6e |But then|..salmon|
|00002bb0| 65 6c 6c 61 20 65 6e 74 | 65 72 69 74 69 64 69 73 |ella ent|eritidis|
|00002bc0| 20 65 6e 74 65 72 65 64 | 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f | entered| the pro|
|00002bd0| 64 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 63 68 61 69 6e 2c 20 61 |duction |chain, a|
|00002be0| 6e 64 20 6e 6f 77 0d 0a | 63 6f 6e 74 61 6d 69 6e |nd now..|contamin|
|00002bf0| 61 74 65 64 20 65 67 67 | 73 20 61 72 65 20 66 6f |ated egg|s are fo|
|00002c00| 75 6e 64 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 63 6f 61 73 74 20 74 |und from| coast t|
|00002c10| 6f 20 63 6f 61 73 74 2e | 0d 0a 0d 0a 41 6c 74 68 |o coast.|....Alth|
|00002c20| 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 | 20 41 67 72 69 63 75 6c |ough the| Agricul|
|00002c30| 74 75 72 65 20 44 65 70 | 61 72 74 6d 65 6e 74 20 |ture Dep|artment |
|00002c40| 63 68 65 63 6b 73 20 65 | 67 67 73 20 66 6f 72 20 |checks e|ggs for |
|00002c50| 71 75 61 6c 69 74 79 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 46 44 41 |quality,| the FDA|
|00002c60| 20 69 73 0d 0a 72 65 73 | 70 6f 6e 73 69 62 6c 65 | is..res|ponsible|
|00002c70| 20 66 6f 72 20 63 6f 6e | 74 72 6f 6c 6c 69 6e 67 | for con|trolling|
|00002c80| 20 61 6e 79 20 68 61 72 | 6d 66 75 6c 20 62 61 63 | any har|mful bac|
|00002c90| 74 65 72 69 61 20 66 6f | 75 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 74 |teria fo|und in t|
|00002ca0| 68 65 6d 2e 20 42 75 74 | 2c 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 63 |hem. But|, the..c|
|00002cb0| 65 6e 74 65 72 20 73 61 | 69 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |enter sa|id, the |
|00002cc0| 63 61 73 68 2d 73 74 72 | 61 70 70 65 64 20 61 67 |cash-str|apped ag|
|00002cd0| 65 6e 63 79 20 69 73 20 | 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 |ency is |able to |
|00002ce0| 69 6e 73 70 65 63 74 20 | 65 67 67 20 70 6c 61 6e |inspect |egg plan|
|00002cf0| 74 73 20 6f 6e 6c 79 0d | 0a 61 6e 20 61 76 65 72 |ts only.|.an aver|
|00002d00| 61 67 65 20 6f 66 20 6f | 6e 63 65 20 65 76 65 72 |age of o|nce ever|
|00002d10| 79 20 31 30 20 79 65 61 | 72 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 42 |y 10 yea|rs.....B|
|00002d20| 79 20 4a 4f 48 4e 20 44 | 2e 20 4d 63 43 4c 41 49 |y JOHN D|. McCLAI|
|00002d30| 4e 2c 20 41 73 73 6f 63 | 69 61 74 65 64 20 50 72 |N, Assoc|iated Pr|
|00002d40| 65 73 73 20 57 72 69 74 | 65 72 0d 0a 44 61 74 65 |ess Writ|er..Date|
|00002d50| 3a 20 54 68 75 2c 20 31 | 35 20 4d 61 79 20 31 39 |: Thu, 1|5 May 19|
|00002d60| 39 37 20 32 31 3a 31 34 | 3a 31 35 20 2d 30 37 30 |97 21:14|:15 -070|
|00002d70| 30 0d 0a 3e 46 72 6f 6d | 3a 20 41 6e 64 72 65 77 |0..>From|: Andrew|
|00002d80| 20 47 61 63 68 20 3c 55 | 6e 63 6c 65 57 6f 6c 66 | Gach <U|ncleWolf|
|00002d90| 40 77 6f 72 6c 64 6e 65 | 74 2e 61 74 74 2e 6e 65 |@worldne|t.att.ne|
|00002da0| 74 3e 0d 0a 54 6f 3a 20 | 61 72 2d 6e 65 77 73 40 |t>..To: |ar-news@|
|00002db0| 65 6e 76 69 72 6f 6c 69 | 6e 6b 2e 6f 72 67 0d 0a |enviroli|nk.org..|
|00002dc0| 53 75 62 6a 65 63 74 3a | 20 22 48 6f 6d 6f 73 65 |Subject:| "Homose|
|00002dd0| 78 75 61 6c 22 20 73 65 | 61 67 75 6c 6c 73 3f 0d |xual" se|agulls?.|
|00002de0| 0a 4d 65 73 73 61 67 65 | 2d 49 44 3a 20 3c 33 33 |.Message|-ID: <33|
|00002df0| 37 42 44 46 31 37 2e 35 | 32 38 46 40 77 6f 72 6c |7BDF17.5|28F@worl|
|00002e00| 64 6e 65 74 2e 61 74 74 | 2e 6e 65 74 3e 0d 0a 4d |dnet.att|.net>..M|
|00002e10| 49 4d 45 2d 56 65 72 73 | 69 6f 6e 3a 20 31 2e 30 |IME-Vers|ion: 1.0|
|00002e20| 0d 0a 43 6f 6e 74 65 6e | 74 2d 54 79 70 65 3a 20 |..Conten|t-Type: |
|00002e30| 74 65 78 74 2f 70 6c 61 | 69 6e 3b 20 63 68 61 72 |text/pla|in; char|
|00002e40| 73 65 74 3d 75 73 2d 61 | 73 63 69 69 0d 0a 43 6f |set=us-a|scii..Co|
|00002e50| 6e 74 65 6e 74 2d 54 72 | 61 6e 73 66 65 72 2d 45 |ntent-Tr|ansfer-E|
|00002e60| 6e 63 6f 64 69 6e 67 3a | 20 37 62 69 74 0d 0a 0d |ncoding:| 7bit...|
|00002e70| 0a 47 75 6c 6c 73 20 73 | 6f 6d 65 74 69 6d 65 73 |.Gulls s|ometimes|
|00002e80| 20 75 6e 69 74 65 20 74 | 6f 20 73 61 76 65 20 73 | unite t|o save s|
|00002e90| 70 65 63 69 65 73 0d 0a | 0d 0a 53 63 72 69 70 70 |pecies..|..Scripp|
|00002ea0| 73 2d 4d 63 43 6c 61 74 | 63 68 79 20 57 65 73 74 |s-McClat|chy West|
|00002eb0| 65 72 6e 20 0d 0a 0d 0a | 4c 4f 47 41 4e 2c 20 55 |ern ....|LOGAN, U|
|00002ec0| 74 61 68 20 28 4d 61 79 | 20 31 35 2c 20 31 39 39 |tah (May| 15, 199|
|00002ed0| 37 20 31 31 3a 31 39 20 | 61 2e 6d 2e 20 45 44 54 |7 11:19 |a.m. EDT|
|00002ee0| 29 20 2d 2d 20 4c 69 66 | 65 20 69 73 20 69 6d 70 |) -- Lif|e is imp|
|00002ef0| 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 | 69 66 0d 0a 79 6f 75 27 |ossible |if..you'|
|00002f00| 72 65 20 61 20 73 69 6e | 67 6c 65 20 73 65 61 67 |re a sin|gle seag|
|00002f10| 75 6c 6c 20 74 72 79 69 | 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 72 61 |ull tryi|ng to ra|
|00002f20| 69 73 65 20 63 68 69 63 | 6b 73 20 69 6e 20 61 20 |ise chic|ks in a |
|00002f30| 77 6f 72 6c 64 20 66 75 | 6c 6c 20 6f 66 0d 0a 70 |world fu|ll of..p|
|00002f40| 72 65 64 61 74 6f 72 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 61 67 67 |redators| and agg|
|00002f50| 72 65 73 73 69 76 65 20 | 6e 65 69 67 68 62 6f 72 |ressive |neighbor|
|00002f60| 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 22 54 | 68 65 73 65 20 67 75 6c |s....."T|hese gul|
|00002f70| 6c 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 74 6f 20 67 6f 20 6f 75 |ls have |to go ou|
|00002f80| 74 20 64 61 69 6c 79 20 | 74 6f 20 66 65 65 64 2c |t daily |to feed,|
|00002f90| 20 61 6e 64 20 69 66 20 | 79 6f 75 20 6c 65 61 76 | and if |you leav|
|00002fa0| 65 20 79 6f 75 72 20 65 | 67 67 73 20 6f 72 0d 0a |e your e|ggs or..|
|00002fb0| 63 68 69 63 6b 73 20 75 | 6e 64 65 66 65 6e 64 65 |chicks u|ndefende|
|00002fc0| 64 20 66 6f 72 20 65 76 | 65 6e 20 61 20 66 65 77 |d for ev|en a few|
|00002fd0| 20 6d 69 6e 75 74 65 73 | 2c 20 77 68 65 6e 20 79 | minutes|, when y|
|00002fe0| 6f 75 20 63 6f 6d 65 20 | 62 61 63 6b 20 74 68 65 |ou come |back the|
|00002ff0| 79 20 77 6f 6e 27 74 0d | 0a 62 65 20 74 68 65 72 |y won't.|.be ther|
|00003000| 65 2c 22 20 73 61 79 73 | 20 4d 69 63 68 61 65 6c |e," says| Michael|
|00003010| 20 43 6f 6e 6f 76 65 72 | 2c 20 61 20 70 72 6f 66 | Conover|, a prof|
|00003020| 65 73 73 6f 72 20 6f 66 | 20 77 69 6c 64 6c 69 66 |essor of| wildlif|
|00003030| 65 20 73 63 69 65 6e 63 | 65 20 61 74 20 55 74 61 |e scienc|e at Uta|
|00003040| 68 0d 0a 53 74 61 74 65 | 20 55 6e 69 76 65 72 73 |h..State| Univers|
|00003050| 69 74 79 2e 20 22 49 66 | 20 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 |ity. "If| you are|
|00003060| 20 61 20 67 75 6c 6c 2c | 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 | a gull,| there i|
|00003070| 73 20 6e 6f 20 73 75 63 | 68 0d 0a 74 68 69 6e 67 |s no suc|h..thing|
|00003080| 20 61 73 20 61 20 73 69 | 6e 67 6c 65 2d 70 61 72 | as a si|ngle-par|
|00003090| 65 6e 74 20 66 61 6d 69 | 6c 79 2e 22 0d 0a 0d 0a |ent fami|ly."....|
|000030a0| 41 6e 64 20 74 68 61 74 | 2c 20 73 61 79 73 20 43 |And that|, says C|
|000030b0| 6f 6e 6f 76 65 72 2c 20 | 69 73 20 77 68 79 20 73 |onover, |is why s|
|000030c0| 6f 6d 65 20 66 65 6d 61 | 6c 65 73 20 66 6f 72 6d |ome fema|les form|
|000030d0| 20 68 6f 6d 6f 73 65 78 | 75 61 6c 20 70 61 69 72 | homosex|ual pair|
|000030e0| 73 20 77 69 74 68 0d 0a | 6f 74 68 65 72 20 66 65 |s with..|other fe|
|000030f0| 6d 61 6c 65 73 20 69 6e | 20 73 65 76 65 72 61 6c |males in| several|
|00003100| 20 73 70 65 63 69 65 73 | 20 6f 66 20 74 65 72 6e | species| of tern|
|00003110| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 67 75 | 6c 6c 73 2e 20 46 65 6d |s and gu|lls. Fem|
|00003120| 61 6c 65 2d 66 65 6d 61 | 6c 65 20 70 61 69 72 73 |ale-fema|le pairs|
|00003130| 0d 0a 61 72 65 20 66 6f | 75 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 75 |..are fo|und in u|
|00003140| 70 20 74 6f 20 32 20 70 | 65 72 63 65 6e 74 20 6f |p to 2 p|ercent o|
|00003150| 66 20 43 61 6c 69 66 6f | 72 6e 69 61 20 67 75 6c |f Califo|rnia gul|
|00003160| 6c 73 20 2d 2d 20 55 74 | 61 68 27 73 20 73 74 61 |ls -- Ut|ah's sta|
|00003170| 74 65 20 62 69 72 64 20 | 2d 2d 0d 0a 61 6e 64 20 |te bird |--..and |
|00003180| 75 70 20 74 6f 20 35 20 | 70 65 72 63 65 6e 74 20 |up to 5 |percent |
|00003190| 6f 66 20 72 69 6e 67 2d | 62 69 6c 6c 65 64 20 67 |of ring-|billed g|
|000031a0| 75 6c 6c 73 2c 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 61 6c 73 6f |ulls, wh|ich also|
|000031b0| 20 61 72 65 0d 0a 63 6f | 6d 6d 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 | are..co|mmon in |
|000031c0| 55 74 61 68 2e 0d 0a 0d | 0a 44 75 72 69 6e 67 20 |Utah....|.During |
|000031d0| 74 77 6f 20 64 65 63 61 | 64 65 73 20 6f 66 20 72 |two deca|des of r|
|000031e0| 65 73 65 61 72 63 68 2c | 20 43 6f 6e 6f 76 65 72 |esearch,| Conover|
|000031f0| 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 66 | 65 6d 61 6c 65 20 67 75 | found f|emale gu|
|00003200| 6c 6c 73 20 66 6f 72 6d | 20 73 61 6d 65 2d 73 65 |lls form| same-se|
|00003210| 78 0d 0a 70 61 69 72 73 | 20 77 68 65 6e 20 74 6f |x..pairs| when to|
|00003220| 6f 20 66 65 77 20 6d 61 | 6c 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 |o few ma|les are |
|00003230| 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 2c | 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c |present,| possibl|
|00003240| 79 20 64 75 65 20 74 6f | 20 70 6f 6c 6c 75 74 69 |y due to| polluti|
|00003250| 6f 6e 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 22 | 54 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 |on....."|There is|
|00003260| 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 66 65 | 6d 61 6c 65 2d 66 65 6d | some fe|male-fem|
|00003270| 61 6c 65 20 70 61 69 72 | 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 61 |ale pair|ing in a|
|00003280| 6c 6d 6f 73 74 20 65 76 | 65 72 79 20 67 75 6c 6c |lmost ev|ery gull|
|00003290| 20 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 79 20 | 69 6e 0d 0a 55 74 61 68 | colony |in..Utah|
|000032a0| 2c 22 20 43 6f 6e 6f 76 | 65 72 20 73 61 79 73 2e |," Conov|er says.|
|000032b0| 20 22 49 74 27 73 20 61 | 20 6e 61 74 75 72 61 6c | "It's a| natural|
|000032c0| 20 70 68 65 6e 6f 6d 65 | 6e 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 67 | phenome|non in g|
|000032d0| 75 6c 6c 73 2e 20 46 65 | 6d 61 6c 65 2d 66 65 6d |ulls. Fe|male-fem|
|000032e0| 61 6c 65 0d 0a 70 61 69 | 72 69 6e 67 20 73 65 65 |ale..pai|ring see|
|000032f0| 6d 73 20 74 6f 20 6f 63 | 63 75 72 20 62 65 63 61 |ms to oc|cur beca|
|00003300| 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 61 | 20 73 68 6f 72 74 61 67 |use of a| shortag|
|00003310| 65 20 6f 66 20 6d 61 6c | 65 73 2e 20 49 74 20 69 |e of mal|es. It i|
|00003320| 73 20 61 6e 20 61 64 61 | 70 74 69 76 65 0d 0a 73 |s an ada|ptive..s|
|00003330| 74 72 61 74 65 67 79 20 | 67 75 6c 6c 73 20 61 64 |trategy |gulls ad|
|00003340| 6f 70 74 20 77 68 65 6e | 20 74 68 65 79 20 63 61 |opt when| they ca|
|00003350| 6e 27 74 20 66 69 6e 64 | 20 61 20 6d 61 6c 65 20 |n't find| a male |
|00003360| 6d 61 74 65 2e 22 0d 0a | 0d 0a 47 75 6c 6c 73 20 |mate."..|..Gulls |
|00003370| 69 6e 20 66 65 6d 61 6c | 65 2d 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 |in femal|e-female|
|00003380| 20 70 61 69 72 73 20 73 | 6f 6d 65 74 69 6d 65 73 | pairs s|ometimes|
|00003390| 20 6d 6f 75 6e 74 20 65 | 61 63 68 20 6f 74 68 65 | mount e|ach othe|
|000033a0| 72 2c 20 62 75 74 20 74 | 68 65 69 72 0d 0a 61 6c |r, but t|heir..al|
|000033b0| 6c 69 61 6e 63 65 20 22 | 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 |liance "|is not a|
|000033c0| 20 73 65 78 75 61 6c 20 | 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f 72 | sexual |behavior|
|000033d0| 2c 22 20 43 6f 6e 6f 76 | 65 72 20 73 61 79 73 2e |," Conov|er says.|
|000033e0| 20 45 61 63 68 20 66 65 | 6d 61 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 | Each fe|male in |
|000033f0| 74 68 65 0d 0a 70 61 69 | 72 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 63 |the..pai|r will c|
|00003400| 6f 70 75 6c 61 74 65 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 6d |opulate |with a m|
|00003410| 61 6c 65 20 77 68 6f 20 | 61 6c 72 65 61 64 79 20 |ale who |already |
|00003420| 68 61 73 20 61 20 66 65 | 6d 61 6c 65 20 6d 61 74 |has a fe|male mat|
|00003430| 65 2e 20 54 68 65 6e 20 | 74 68 65 0d 0a 68 6f 6d |e. Then |the..hom|
|00003440| 6f 73 65 78 75 61 6c 20 | 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 73 20 |osexual |females |
|00003450| 73 68 61 72 65 20 61 20 | 6e 65 73 74 20 61 6e 64 |share a |nest and|
|00003460| 20 6c 61 79 20 74 68 65 | 69 72 20 65 67 67 73 20 | lay the|ir eggs |
|00003470| 69 6e 20 69 74 2e 0d 0a | 0d 0a 22 54 68 65 20 74 |in it...|.."The t|
|00003480| 77 6f 20 66 65 6d 61 6c | 65 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 |wo femal|es will |
|00003490| 73 68 61 72 65 20 69 6e | 63 75 62 61 74 69 6f 6e |share in|cubation|
|000034a0| 20 61 6e 64 20 63 68 69 | 63 6b 2d 72 65 61 72 69 | and chi|ck-reari|
|000034b0| 6e 67 0d 0a 72 65 73 70 | 6f 6e 73 69 62 69 6c 69 |ng..resp|onsibili|
|000034c0| 74 69 65 73 2c 22 20 73 | 61 79 73 20 43 6f 6e 6f |ties," s|ays Cono|
|000034d0| 76 65 72 2e 20 22 4f 6e | 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 |ver. "On|e will b|
|000034e0| 61 62 79 73 69 74 20 77 | 68 69 6c 65 20 74 68 65 |abysit w|hile the|
|000034f0| 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 69 | 73 0d 0a 6f 75 74 20 66 | other i|s..out f|
|00003500| 65 65 64 69 6e 67 2e 22 | 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 6f 6e 6f |eeding."|....Cono|
|00003510| 76 65 72 27 73 20 72 65 | 73 65 61 72 63 68 20 77 |ver's re|search w|
|00003520| 61 73 20 68 69 67 68 6c | 69 67 68 74 65 64 20 72 |as highl|ighted r|
|00003530| 65 63 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 | 69 6e 20 61 20 53 63 69 |ecently |in a Sci|
|00003540| 65 6e 63 65 20 4e 65 77 | 73 20 6d 61 67 61 7a 69 |ence New|s magazi|
|00003550| 6e 65 0d 0a 61 72 74 69 | 63 6c 65 20 61 62 6f 75 |ne..arti|cle abou|
|00003560| 74 20 61 6e 69 6d 61 6c | 20 68 6f 6d 6f 73 65 78 |t animal| homosex|
|00003570| 75 61 6c 69 74 79 2e 20 | 22 53 6f 6d 65 20 6f 66 |uality. |"Some of|
|00003580| 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 68 | 6f 6d 6f 73 65 78 75 61 | these h|omosexua|
|00003590| 6c 20 61 63 74 69 76 69 | 74 69 65 73 0d 0a 61 70 |l activi|ties..ap|
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|000035c0| 20 6d 61 67 61 7a 69 6e | 65 20 73 61 69 64 2c 20 | magazin|e said, |
|000035d0| 63 69 74 69 6e 67 20 67 | 75 6c 6c 73 20 61 73 20 |citing g|ulls as |
|000035e0| 61 6e 0d 0a 65 78 61 6d | 70 6c 65 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a |an..exam|ple.....|
|000035f0| 44 69 73 63 6f 76 65 72 | 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |Discover|y of the|
|00003600| 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 6b | 6e 6f 77 6e 20 68 6f 6d | first k|nown hom|
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|00003620| 20 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 2d | 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 20 70 | female-|female p|
|00003630| 61 69 72 73 20 6f 66 0d | 0a 77 65 73 74 65 72 6e |airs of.|.western|
|00003640| 20 67 75 6c 6c 73 20 6f | 6e 20 43 61 6c 69 66 6f | gulls o|n Califo|
|00003650| 72 6e 69 61 27 73 20 43 | 68 61 6e 6e 65 6c 20 49 |rnia's C|hannel I|
|00003660| 73 6c 61 6e 64 73 20 2d | 2d 20 77 61 73 20 72 65 |slands -|- was re|
|00003670| 70 6f 72 74 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 31 39 37 37 20 62 |ported i|n 1977 b|
|00003680| 79 0d 0a 47 65 6f 72 67 | 65 20 48 75 6e 74 20 4a |y..Georg|e Hunt J|
|00003690| 72 2e 2c 20 61 20 70 72 | 6f 66 65 73 73 6f 72 20 |r., a pr|ofessor |
|000036a0| 6f 66 20 65 63 6f 6c 6f | 67 79 20 61 6e 64 20 65 |of ecolo|gy and e|
|000036b0| 76 6f 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e | 61 72 79 20 62 69 6f 6c |volution|ary biol|
|000036c0| 6f 67 79 20 61 74 20 74 | 68 65 0d 0a 55 6e 69 76 |ogy at t|he..Univ|
|000036d0| 65 72 73 69 74 79 20 6f | 66 20 43 61 6c 69 66 6f |ersity o|f Califo|
|000036e0| 72 6e 69 61 2c 20 49 72 | 76 69 6e 65 2e 0d 0a 0d |rnia, Ir|vine....|
|000036f0| 0a 43 6f 6e 6f 76 65 72 | 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 65 |.Conover| followe|
|00003700| 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 | 74 75 64 69 65 73 20 69 |d with s|tudies i|
|00003710| 6e 20 57 61 73 68 69 6e | 67 74 6f 6e 20 73 74 61 |n Washin|gton sta|
|00003720| 74 65 20 61 6e 64 20 4f | 72 65 67 6f 6e 2c 0d 0a |te and O|regon,..|
|00003730| 64 69 73 63 6f 76 65 72 | 69 6e 67 20 66 65 6d 61 |discover|ing fema|
|00003740| 6c 65 2d 66 65 6d 61 6c | 65 20 70 61 69 72 69 6e |le-femal|e pairin|
|00003750| 67 20 61 6d 6f 6e 67 20 | 43 61 6c 69 66 6f 72 6e |g among |Californ|
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|00003790| 69 61 6e 20 74 65 72 6e | 73 20 69 6e 20 31 39 38 |ian tern|s in 198|
|000037a0| 33 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 22 46 | 61 63 65 64 20 77 69 74 |3....."F|aced wit|
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|000037c0| 6e 6f 20 6d 61 74 65 20 | 61 6e 64 20 6e 6f 20 6f |no mate |and no o|
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|000038a0| 46 6c 61 2e 20 48 69 73 | 20 70 61 72 65 6e 74 73 |Fla. His| parents|
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|000038c0| 2e 20 48 69 73 20 6c 6f | 76 65 0d 0a 6f 66 20 66 |. His lo|ve..of f|
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|000038f0| 20 70 72 6f 6d 70 74 65 | 64 20 68 69 6d 20 74 6f | prompte|d him to|
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|00003c40| 73 20 6e 65 73 74 20 77 | 69 74 68 69 6e 20 61 20 |s nest w|ithin a |
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|00004280| 44 44 54 20 70 6f 6c 6c | 75 74 65 64 0d 0a 74 68 |DDT poll|uted..th|
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|000042c0| 20 53 74 61 74 65 73 20 | 69 6e 20 31 39 37 32 2e | States |in 1972.|
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|00004300| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 31 39 | 33 39 20 2d 2d 20 66 65 |ed in 19|39 -- fe|
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|00004320| 61 6c 65 20 67 75 6c 6c | 73 2c 20 6c 65 61 76 69 |ale gull|s, leavi|
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|00004350| 65 72 68 61 70 73 20 75 | 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f |erhaps u|nable to|
|00004360| 0d 0a 72 65 74 75 72 6e | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 69 |..return| to thei|
|00004370| 72 20 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 69 | 65 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 42 |r coloni|es.....B|
|00004380| 79 20 73 74 75 64 79 69 | 6e 67 20 6d 75 73 65 75 |y studyi|ng museu|
|00004390| 6d 20 63 6f 6c 6c 65 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 43 |m collec|tions, C|
|000043a0| 6f 6e 6f 76 65 72 20 6c | 65 61 72 6e 65 64 20 66 |onover l|earned f|
|000043b0| 65 6d 61 6c 65 2d 66 65 | 6d 61 6c 65 20 70 61 69 |emale-fe|male pai|
|000043c0| 72 69 6e 67 73 0d 0a 61 | 6e 64 20 73 68 6f 72 74 |rings..a|nd short|
|000043d0| 61 67 65 73 20 6f 66 20 | 6d 61 6c 65 73 20 68 61 |ages of |males ha|
|000043e0| 70 70 65 6e 65 64 20 6f | 6e 6c 79 20 73 69 6e 63 |ppened o|nly sinc|
|000043f0| 65 20 74 68 65 20 31 39 | 34 30 73 20 61 6e 64 20 |e the 19|40s and |
|00004400| 31 39 35 30 73 20 69 6e | 0d 0a 77 65 73 74 65 72 |1950s in|..wester|
|00004410| 6e 20 67 75 6c 6c 73 2c | 20 68 65 72 72 69 6e 67 |n gulls,| herring|
|00004420| 20 67 75 6c 6c 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 43 61 73 70 69 | gulls a|nd Caspi|
|00004430| 61 6e 20 74 65 72 6e 73 | 2e 20 59 65 74 20 68 65 |an terns|. Yet he|
|00004440| 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 65 | 76 69 64 65 6e 63 65 20 | found e|vidence |
|00004450| 6f 66 0d 0a 73 61 6d 65 | 2d 73 65 78 20 70 61 69 |of..same|-sex pai|
|00004460| 72 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6d | 61 6c 65 20 73 68 6f 72 |rs and m|ale shor|
|00004470| 74 61 67 65 73 20 69 6e | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 73 |tages in| other s|
|00004480| 70 65 63 69 65 73 20 61 | 20 63 65 6e 74 75 72 79 |pecies a| century|
|00004490| 20 61 67 6f 2c 20 62 65 | 66 6f 72 65 0d 0a 44 44 | ago, be|fore..DD|
|000044a0| 54 20 65 78 69 73 74 65 | 64 2e 20 53 6f 20 43 6f |T existe|d. So Co|
|000044b0| 6e 6f 76 65 72 20 64 6f | 75 62 74 73 20 70 6f 6c |nover do|ubts pol|
|000044c0| 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 |lution i|s the ca|
|000044d0| 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 6d | 61 6c 65 0d 0a 73 68 6f |use of m|ale..sho|
|000044e0| 72 74 61 67 65 73 20 61 | 6e 64 2c 20 75 6c 74 69 |rtages a|nd, ulti|
|000044f0| 6d 61 74 65 6c 79 2c 20 | 6f 66 20 66 65 6d 61 6c |mately, |of femal|
|00004500| 65 2d 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 | 20 70 61 69 72 69 6e 67 |e-female| pairing|
|00004510| 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 48 75 | 6e 74 2c 20 68 6f 77 65 |s.....Hu|nt, howe|
|00004520| 76 65 72 2c 20 69 6e 73 | 69 73 74 73 20 22 70 6f |ver, ins|ists "po|
|00004530| 6c 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 69 73 20 73 74 69 6c 6c |llution |is still|
|00004540| 20 61 20 70 6f 73 73 69 | 62 69 6c 69 74 79 2e 22 | a possi|bility."|
|00004550| 20 48 65 20 6e 6f 74 65 | 73 0d 0a 66 65 6d 61 6c | He note|s..femal|
|00004560| 65 2d 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 | 20 70 61 69 72 69 6e 67 |e-female| pairing|
|00004570| 20 69 6e 20 67 75 6c 6c | 73 20 6f 66 66 20 43 61 | in gull|s off Ca|
|00004580| 6c 69 66 6f 72 6e 69 61 | 27 73 20 63 6f 61 73 74 |lifornia|'s coast|
|00004590| 20 62 65 63 61 6d 65 20 | 6c 65 73 73 0d 0a 66 72 | became |less..fr|
|000045a0| 65 71 75 65 6e 74 20 73 | 74 61 72 74 69 6e 67 20 |equent s|tarting |
|000045b0| 61 20 64 65 63 61 64 65 | 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 44 |a decade| after D|
|000045c0| 44 54 20 77 61 73 20 62 | 61 6e 6e 65 64 2e 0d 0a |DT was b|anned...|
|000045d0| 0d 0a 41 6e 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 74 68 65 6f 72 79 |..Anothe|r theory|
|000045e0| 20 65 78 70 6c 61 69 6e | 69 6e 67 20 66 65 6d 61 | explain|ing fema|
|000045f0| 6c 65 2d 66 65 6d 61 6c | 65 20 70 61 69 72 69 6e |le-femal|e pairin|
|00004600| 67 20 69 73 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 6d 61 6c 65 73 20 |g is tha|t males |
|00004610| 73 69 6d 70 6c 79 20 64 | 69 65 0d 0a 79 6f 75 6e |simply d|ie..youn|
|00004620| 67 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e | 20 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 73 |ger than| females|
|00004630| 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 | 20 74 68 65 79 20 73 70 | because| they sp|
|00004640| 65 6e 64 20 73 6f 20 6d | 75 63 68 20 74 69 6d 65 |end so m|uch time|
|00004650| 20 66 69 67 68 74 69 6e | 67 20 66 6f 72 0d 0a 74 | fightin|g for..t|
|00004660| 65 72 72 69 74 6f 72 79 | 20 74 68 65 79 20 68 61 |erritory| they ha|
|00004670| 76 65 20 6c 65 73 73 20 | 74 69 6d 65 20 74 6f 20 |ve less |time to |
|00004680| 66 6f 72 61 67 65 20 61 | 6e 64 20 66 61 74 74 65 |forage a|nd fatte|
|00004690| 6e 20 75 70 20 74 6f 20 | 73 75 72 76 69 76 65 20 |n up to |survive |
|000046a0| 77 69 6e 74 65 72 2e 0d | 0a 0d 0a 22 42 79 20 62 |winter..|..."By b|
|000046b0| 65 69 6e 67 20 61 67 67 | 72 65 73 73 69 76 65 2c |eing agg|ressive,|
|000046c0| 20 79 6f 75 20 6d 61 79 | 20 69 6e 63 72 65 61 73 | you may| increas|
|000046d0| 65 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 | 6f 62 61 62 69 6c 69 74 |e the pr|obabilit|
|000046e0| 79 20 6f 66 20 73 74 61 | 72 76 69 6e 67 2c 22 0d |y of sta|rving,".|
|000046f0| 0a 43 6f 6e 6f 76 65 72 | 20 73 61 79 73 2e 0d 0a |.Conover| says...|
|00004700| 0d 0a 53 69 6e 63 65 20 | 61 72 72 69 76 69 6e 67 |..Since |arriving|
|00004710| 20 69 6e 20 55 74 61 68 | 20 69 6e 20 31 39 39 30 | in Utah| in 1990|
|00004720| 2c 20 43 6f 6e 6f 76 65 | 72 20 68 61 73 20 73 70 |, Conove|r has sp|
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|00004740| 74 69 6d 65 0d 0a 73 74 | 75 64 79 69 6e 67 20 73 |time..st|udying s|
|00004750| 61 6d 65 2d 73 65 78 20 | 70 61 69 72 69 6e 67 73 |ame-sex |pairings|
|00004760| 20 61 6d 6f 6e 67 20 72 | 69 6e 67 2d 62 69 6c 6c | among r|ing-bill|
|00004770| 65 64 20 67 75 6c 6c 73 | 20 6e 65 61 72 20 42 65 |ed gulls| near Be|
|00004780| 61 72 20 4c 61 6b 65 20 | 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 0d 0a |ar Lake |on the..|
|00004790| 55 74 61 68 2d 49 64 61 | 68 6f 20 62 6f 72 64 65 |Utah-Ida|ho borde|
|000047a0| 72 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 6f | 6e 6f 76 65 72 20 70 6c |r.....Co|nover pl|
|000047b0| 61 63 65 64 20 62 61 6e | 64 73 20 6f 6e 20 63 68 |aced ban|ds on ch|
|000047c0| 69 63 6b 73 20 6f 66 20 | 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 2d 66 |icks of |female-f|
|000047d0| 65 6d 61 6c 65 20 61 6e | 64 20 6d 61 6c 65 2d 66 |emale an|d male-f|
|000047e0| 65 6d 61 6c 65 20 73 65 | 61 67 75 6c 6c 0d 0a 70 |emale se|agull..p|
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|00004800| 64 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 6d 20 74 6f 20 67 72 |d for th|em to gr|
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|00004820| 74 20 6d 69 67 72 61 74 | 65 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 |t migrat|e often |
|00004830| 72 65 74 75 72 6e 0d 0a | 74 6f 20 6e 65 73 74 20 |return..|to nest |
|00004840| 6e 65 61 72 20 77 68 65 | 72 65 20 74 68 65 79 20 |near whe|re they |
|00004850| 77 65 72 65 20 72 61 69 | 73 65 64 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a |were rai|sed.....|
|00004860| 54 6f 20 64 61 74 65 2c | 20 68 65 20 68 61 73 20 |To date,| he has |
|00004870| 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 66 69 | 76 65 20 6f 66 66 73 70 |found fi|ve offsp|
|00004880| 72 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 | 68 65 74 65 72 6f 73 65 |ring of |heterose|
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|000048a0| 20 61 6c 6c 0d 0a 66 69 | 76 65 20 68 61 76 65 20 | all..fi|ve have |
|000048b0| 6d 61 74 65 64 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 6d 65 6d 62 65 |mated wi|th membe|
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|000048d0| 74 65 20 73 65 78 2e 20 | 53 6f 20 66 61 72 20 77 |te sex. |So far w|
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|00004910| 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 2d 66 | 65 6d 61 6c 65 20 70 61 |female-f|emale pa|
|00004920| 69 72 20 61 6e 64 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 63 6f 6d 65 |ir and h|ave come|
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|00004940| 64 20 61 73 20 61 6e 20 | 61 64 75 6c 74 2e 20 54 |d as an |adult. T|
|00004950| 77 6f 20 6d 61 74 65 64 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 6d 61 |wo mated| with ma|
|00004960| 6c 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 74 77 6f 20 68 61 76 65 |les and |two have|
|00004970| 20 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 0d | 0a 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 2d | formed.|.female-|
|00004980| 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 20 70 | 61 69 72 73 2e 22 0d 0a |female p|airs."..|
|00004990| 0d 0a 43 6f 6e 6f 76 65 | 72 20 65 78 70 65 63 74 |..Conove|r expect|
|000049a0| 73 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6e | 74 69 6e 75 65 20 74 68 |s to con|tinue th|
|000049b0| 65 20 73 74 75 64 79 20 | 66 6f 72 20 79 65 61 72 |e study |for year|
|000049c0| 73 20 61 73 20 68 65 20 | 74 72 69 65 73 20 74 6f |s as he |tries to|
|000049d0| 20 64 65 74 65 72 6d 69 | 6e 65 0d 0a 69 66 20 73 | determi|ne..if s|
|000049e0| 61 6d 65 2d 73 65 78 20 | 70 61 69 72 69 6e 67 20 |ame-sex |pairing |
|000049f0| 69 6e 20 73 65 61 67 75 | 6c 6c 73 20 69 73 20 61 |in seagu|lls is a|
|00004a00| 6e 20 69 6e 68 65 72 69 | 74 65 64 20 74 72 61 69 |n inheri|ted trai|
|00004a10| 74 20 6f 72 20 6c 65 61 | 72 6e 65 64 0d 0a 62 65 |t or lea|rned..be|
|00004a20| 68 61 76 69 6f 72 2e 0d | 0a 0d 0a 41 6c 6c 20 67 |havior..|...All g|
|00004a30| 75 6c 6c 20 73 70 65 63 | 69 65 73 20 6c 6f 6f 6b |ull spec|ies look|
|00004a40| 20 73 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 | 2c 20 65 78 63 65 70 74 | similar|, except|
|00004a50| 20 65 61 63 68 20 68 61 | 73 20 61 20 75 6e 69 71 | each ha|s a uniq|
|00004a60| 75 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 | 20 66 6f 72 20 69 74 73 |ue color| for its|
|00004a70| 0d 0a 65 79 65 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 66 6f 72 20 61 |..eyes a|nd for a|
|00004a80| 20 72 69 6e 67 2d 73 68 | 61 70 65 64 20 6d 61 72 | ring-sh|aped mar|
|00004a90| 6b 20 61 72 6f 75 6e 64 | 20 65 61 63 68 20 65 79 |k around| each ey|
|00004aa0| 65 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 22 52 | 65 73 65 61 72 63 68 20 |e....."R|esearch |
|00004ab0| 68 61 73 20 73 68 6f 77 | 6e 20 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 |has show|n female|
|00004ac0| 73 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f | 74 20 62 6f 72 6e 20 77 |s are no|t born w|
|00004ad0| 69 74 68 20 61 6e 20 69 | 6e 6e 61 74 65 20 6b 6e |ith an i|nnate kn|
|00004ae0| 6f 77 6c 65 64 67 65 20 | 6f 66 0d 0a 77 68 61 74 |owledge |of..what|
|00004af0| 20 73 70 65 63 69 65 73 | 20 74 68 65 79 20 61 72 | species| they ar|
|00004b00| 65 2c 22 20 43 6f 6e 6f | 76 65 72 20 65 78 70 6c |e," Cono|ver expl|
|00004b10| 61 69 6e 73 2e 20 22 49 | 6e 73 74 65 61 64 2c 20 |ains. "I|nstead, |
|00004b20| 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 73 20 | 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 61 74 0d |females |look at.|
|00004b30| 0a 74 68 65 69 72 20 66 | 61 74 68 65 72 20 61 6e |.their f|ather an|
|00004b40| 64 20 68 69 73 20 65 79 | 65 20 61 6e 64 20 65 79 |d his ey|e and ey|
|00004b50| 65 20 72 69 6e 67 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 77 68 65 6e |e ring, |and when|
|00004b60| 20 74 68 65 79 20 67 72 | 6f 77 20 75 70 20 74 68 | they gr|ow up th|
|00004b70| 65 79 20 77 69 6c 6c 0d | 0a 74 72 79 20 74 6f 20 |ey will.|.try to |
|00004b80| 6d 61 74 65 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 61 20 62 69 72 64 |mate wit|h a bird|
|00004b90| 20 74 68 61 74 20 6c 6f | 6f 6b 73 20 6c 69 6b 65 | that lo|oks like|
|00004ba0| 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 66 | 61 74 68 65 72 2e 0d 0a | their f|ather...|
|00004bb0| 0d 0a 22 54 68 65 20 71 | 75 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 20 |.."The q|uestion |
|00004bc0| 77 69 74 68 20 66 65 6d | 61 6c 65 2d 66 65 6d 61 |with fem|ale-fema|
|00004bd0| 6c 65 20 70 61 69 72 73 | 20 69 73 20 69 66 20 66 |le pairs| is if f|
|00004be0| 65 6d 61 6c 65 73 20 61 | 72 65 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 69 |emales a|re looki|
|00004bf0| 6e 67 20 61 74 0d 0a 74 | 68 65 69 72 20 66 61 74 |ng at..t|heir fat|
|00004c00| 68 65 72 20 74 6f 20 64 | 65 63 69 64 65 20 77 68 |her to d|ecide wh|
|00004c10| 6f 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 74 | 65 20 77 69 74 68 2c 20 |o to mat|e with, |
|00004c20| 77 68 61 74 20 68 61 70 | 70 65 6e 73 20 69 66 20 |what hap|pens if |
|00004c30| 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 | 20 6e 6f 0d 0a 66 61 74 |there is| no..fat|
|00004c40| 68 65 72 20 74 68 65 72 | 65 3f 20 4f 6e 65 20 70 |her ther|e? One p|
|00004c50| 6f 73 73 69 62 69 6c 69 | 74 79 20 69 73 20 74 68 |ossibili|ty is th|
|00004c60| 61 74 20 66 65 6d 61 6c | 65 2d 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 |at femal|e-female|
|00004c70| 20 70 61 69 72 69 6e 67 | 20 69 73 20 61 20 6c 65 | pairing| is a le|
|00004c80| 61 72 6e 65 64 0d 0a 74 | 72 61 69 74 2e 20 2e 20 |arned..t|rait. . |
|00004c90| 2e 20 2e 20 57 68 65 6e | 20 63 68 69 63 6b 73 20 |. . When| chicks |
|00004ca0| 72 61 69 73 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 74 77 6f 20 66 65 |raised b|y two fe|
|00004cb0| 6d 61 6c 65 73 20 67 72 | 6f 77 20 75 70 2c 20 6d |males gr|ow up, m|
|00004cc0| 61 79 62 65 20 74 68 65 | 79 0d 0a 73 65 61 72 63 |aybe the|y..searc|
|00004cd0| 68 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 | 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 20 74 |h for a |female t|
|00004ce0| 6f 20 6d 61 74 65 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 72 61 74 68 |o mate w|ith rath|
|00004cf0| 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 | 61 20 6d 61 6c 65 22 20 |er than |a male" |
|00004d00| 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 | 74 68 65 79 27 72 65 0d |because |they're.|
|00004d10| 0a 6c 6f 6f 6b 69 6e 67 | 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 67 |.looking| for a g|
|00004d20| 75 6c 6c 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 72 65 73 65 6d 62 6c |ull that| resembl|
|00004d30| 65 73 20 6d 6f 6d 20 69 | 6e 73 74 65 61 64 20 6f |es mom i|nstead o|
|00004d40| 66 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 | 61 62 73 65 6e 74 65 65 |f their |absentee|
|00004d50| 20 64 61 64 2e 0d 0a 0d | 0a 43 6f 6e 6f 76 65 72 | dad....|.Conover|
|00004d60| 20 73 61 79 73 20 66 65 | 6d 61 6c 65 2d 66 65 6d | says fe|male-fem|
|00004d70| 61 6c 65 20 70 61 69 72 | 73 20 6f 63 63 75 72 20 |ale pair|s occur |
|00004d80| 69 6e 20 67 75 6c 6c 20 | 73 70 65 63 69 65 73 20 |in gull |species |
|00004d90| 77 68 65 72 65 20 6d 61 | 6c 65 73 20 61 6e 64 0d |where ma|les and.|
|00004da0| 0a 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 73 | 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 73 6f |.females| look so|
|00004db0| 20 73 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 63 | similar| that sc|
|00004dc0| 69 65 6e 74 69 73 74 73 | 20 63 61 6e 20 74 65 6c |ientists| can tel|
|00004dd0| 6c 20 74 68 65 6d 20 61 | 70 61 72 74 20 6f 6e 6c |l them a|part onl|
|00004de0| 79 20 62 79 0d 0a 6d 61 | 6b 69 6e 67 20 61 20 73 |y by..ma|king a s|
|00004df0| 6d 61 6c 6c 20 69 6e 63 | 69 73 69 6f 6e 2c 20 74 |mall inc|ision, t|
|00004e00| 68 65 6e 20 69 6e 73 65 | 72 74 69 6e 67 20 61 20 |hen inse|rting a |
|00004e10| 73 63 6f 70 65 20 74 6f | 20 65 78 61 6d 69 6e 65 |scope to| examine|
|00004e20| 20 74 68 65 20 67 75 6c | 6c 27 73 0d 0a 72 65 70 | the gul|l's..rep|
|00004e30| 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 76 | 65 20 6f 72 67 61 6e 73 |roductiv|e organs|
|00004e40| 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 53 6f 20 | 68 65 20 73 61 79 73 20 |.....So |he says |
|00004e50| 69 74 20 69 73 20 70 6f | 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 65 |it is po|ssible e|
|00004e60| 76 65 6e 20 67 75 6c 6c | 73 20 63 61 6e 27 74 20 |ven gull|s can't |
|00004e70| 64 69 73 74 69 6e 67 75 | 69 73 68 20 67 75 79 73 |distingu|ish guys|
|00004e80| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 67 61 | 6c 73 2c 0d 0a 61 6e 64 | from ga|ls,..and|
|00004e90| 20 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 73 | 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 79 20 | females| simply |
|00004ea0| 6d 61 79 20 70 61 69 72 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 |may pair| with th|
|00004eb0| 65 20 62 69 67 67 65 73 | 74 20 75 6e 6d 61 74 65 |e bigges|t unmate|
|00004ec0| 64 20 67 75 6c 6c 20 74 | 68 65 79 20 63 61 6e 20 |d gull t|hey can |
|00004ed0| 66 69 6e 64 2c 0d 0a 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 73 6f 6d |find,..w|hich som|
|00004ee0| 65 74 69 6d 65 73 20 69 | 73 20 61 20 66 65 6d 61 |etimes i|s a fema|
|00004ef0| 6c 65 20 62 65 63 61 75 | 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 62 |le becau|se the b|
|00004f00| 69 67 67 65 73 74 20 66 | 65 6d 61 6c 65 73 20 61 |iggest f|emales a|
|00004f10| 72 65 20 6c 61 72 67 65 | 72 20 74 68 61 6e 0d 0a |re large|r than..|
|00004f20| 74 68 65 20 73 6d 61 6c | 6c 65 73 74 20 6d 61 6c |the smal|lest mal|
|00004f30| 65 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 42 | 79 20 4c 45 45 20 53 49 |es.....B|y LEE SI|
|00004f40| 45 47 45 4c 2c 20 53 61 | 6c 74 20 4c 61 6b 65 20 |EGEL, Sa|lt Lake |
|00004f50| 54 72 69 62 75 6e 65 0d | 0a 0d 0a 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |Tribune.|...=====|
|00004f60| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========|
|00004f70| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========|
|00004f80| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========|
|00004f90| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 0d 0a 0d |========|=====...|
|00004fa0| 0a 54 68 65 20 74 65 72 | 6d 20 22 68 6f 6d 6f 73 |.The ter|m "homos|
|00004fb0| 65 78 75 61 6c 22 20 69 | 73 20 6d 69 73 6c 65 61 |exual" i|s mislea|
|00004fc0| 64 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 | 20 75 6e 73 75 70 70 6f |ding and| unsuppo|
|00004fd0| 72 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 63 6f 6e |rted in |this con|
|00004fe0| 74 65 78 74 2e 20 0d 0a | 54 68 65 20 66 61 63 74 |text. ..|The fact|
|00004ff0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 77 | 6f 20 66 65 6d 61 6c 65 | that tw|o female|
|00005000| 73 20 73 68 61 72 65 20 | 61 20 6e 65 73 74 20 74 |s share |a nest t|
|00005010| 6f 20 61 73 73 75 72 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 72 |o assure| the sur|
|00005020| 76 69 76 61 6c 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 69 72 0d 0a |vival of| their..|
|00005030| 63 68 69 63 6b 73 2c 20 | 77 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 |chicks, |when the|
|00005040| 72 65 27 73 20 6e 6f 20 | 65 6c 69 67 69 62 6c 65 |re's no |eligible|
|00005050| 20 6d 61 6c 65 2c 20 68 | 61 73 20 6e 6f 74 68 69 | male, h|as nothi|
|00005060| 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 64 6f | 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 65 |ng to do| with se|
|00005070| 78 75 61 6c 0d 0a 70 72 | 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 |xual..pr|eference|
|00005080| 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 49 6e | 63 69 64 65 6e 74 61 6c |s.....In|cidental|
|00005090| 6c 79 2c 20 77 6f 6c 76 | 65 73 20 77 6f 72 6b 65 |ly, wolv|es worke|
|000050a0| 64 20 6f 75 74 20 74 68 | 69 73 20 70 72 6f 62 6c |d out th|is probl|
|000050b0| 65 6d 20 61 20 6c 6f 6e | 67 20 74 69 6d 65 20 61 |em a lon|g time a|
|000050c0| 67 6f 2e 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 63 75 62 73 0d 0a 61 |go.  The| cubs..a|
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|000063c0| 49 74 27 73 20 67 6f 6f | 64 20 74 6f 20 74 61 73 |It's goo|d to tas|
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|000063f0| 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 | 72 65 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 | should |remember|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+